A benefit is a valued or desired outcome. Benefits associated with participation in research can be classified generally as those that accrue to the subject directly (e.g., acquisition by the subject of knowledge considered of value) and those that accrue to society (e.g., additions to the knowledge base).
The IRB will review the anticipated benefits to both the subject and to others. In addition, the IRB will consider whether the benefits are maximized to the greatest extent possible through proper protocol design. Therefore, an underlying moral notion of “beneficence” should guide the investigator.
Financial or other forms of compensation are not considered a benefit to be derived from research participation. Although the subject may consider financial compensation a desirable outcome, this fact will not be used in the risk/benefit analysis.
Most studies do not have direct benefit to the subject population. However, the IRB will consider potential benefits to others (e.g., benefit to other individuals).